Answer:
Explanation:
1 How did Joshua Klein become interested in crows? What does he hope to accomplish with his experiment?
making a vending machine for crows.
2 Why do you think Klein chose to experiment with the crows? What does he think that we should focus our attention on to find new innovations? Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Joshua Klein begins the talk referring to how different species like insects, rats, and birds adapt well to their changing environments. Consider his discussion
3 What is operant conditioning? Describe an experiment that uses operant conditioning.
when lab rats press a lever when a green light is on, they receive a food pellet as a reward
4 What was the Pigeon Project? How did it use operant conditioning?
to recognize the target.
5 Describe Klein’s experiment. What steps did he use to get the crows to pick up the coins?
pushed the coins out of a dish into a slot
6 Why are crows a good choice for an experiment like Klein’s? What characteristics do they have that make them a good choice?
In one breeding season, a family of crows can consume 40,000 grubs, caterpillars, armyworms, and other insects. That is a sizable number of insects that many farmers and gardeners view as pests.
7 What is the Celebrate Urban Birds Project? What are five of the common species that are found in urban areas according to the project?
American Crow.
American Robin.
Baltimore Oriole (east)
Barn Swallow.
Black-crowned Night-Heron.
8 Based on the information from the websites, do you think that crows demonstrate culture? Why or why not?
I do think that crows demonstrate culture because they evolve alongside humans.And I think that culture is shaped by the way things evolve.
9 Describe the Crows. Net project. What are the researchers hoping to learn? How are the researchers gaining their information? Why do you think researchers are using regular individuals to gain information?
Crows help control pest insects and “clean up” dead animals and garbage that has been scattered by other animals
10 In Pavlov’s work, how did he get the dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell?
used classical conditioning principles
11 Why were Pavlov’s findings important? How did his experiment differ from Klein’s?
His findings differ from Klein's because Pavol usedclassical instead of operant conditioning.
12 From the website on Skinner, what is shaping? How did Klein use shaping in his experiment?
Klein used shaping in his experiment byrewarding the crows for accidentally sweeping a coin into the slot.
13 What are schedules of reinforcement in Skinner’s work? How do these make a difference in an animal’s behavior?
A reinforcement schedule is a rule stating which instances of behavior, if any, will be reinforced. Reinforcement schedules can be divided
14 What is an urban ecosystem? What are some of the aspects that affect urban ecosystems more than non-urban ecosystems?
Urban ecosystems, like all ecosystems, are composed of biological components (plants, animals, and other forms of life) and physical components ..
15 Why do you think that crows and other urban species are sometimes seen as pests? Do you agree with Klein that we need to think of ways to live in mutually beneficial ways with these species? Why or why not?
I also think that we should live in mutually beneficial wayswith the species because animals are extremely smart and have knowledge that we do not.
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Based on the information from various websites, it can be inferred that crows do demonstrate culture. For instance, researchers have found that crows pass on their knowledge and skills to the next generation, and they also have specific behaviors and dialects unique to their social groups. This is indicative of the existence of culture within crow populations.
Shaping is a process of reinforcing behavior through a series of steps that lead to a desired outcome. Klein used shaping in his experiment by teaching the crows to use a vending machine. He started by reinforcing the crows for simply picking up coins, then gradually shaped their behavior until they could successfully exchange the coins for food.
An urban ecosystem refers to the interactions between living organisms and their environment within an urban setting. Some of the aspects that affect urban ecosystems more than non-urban ecosystems include pollution, habitat destruction, and altered food webs.
Crows and other urban species are sometimes seen as pests because they can cause damage to crops, buildings, and other structures. However, it is important to recognize the important roles they play in urban ecosystems and to find ways to coexist with them in mutually beneficial ways. Klein's research demonstrates that crows can be trained to engage in positive behaviors, such as using a vending machine, which could potentially reduce their negative impact on human environments.
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